Freight class codes are essential for standardizing shipment pricing across different carriers, warehouses, and agents. Defined by the National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA) and outlined in the National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC) system, these codes streamline freight operations and pricing consistency.
There are 18 freight classes, determined by factors such as weight, dimensions, density, handling characteristics, value, and liability risks, including potential damage or spoilage. Lower freight class numbers typically indicate lower shipping rates, while higher class numbers correspond to higher costs.
Determining the correct NMFC freight class is crucial to avoid unexpected charges and maintain consistent pricing. Freight Management Logistics (FML) specializes in helping businesses accurately identify their NMFC codes to ensure accurate and competitive rates.
Key Factors That Influence Freight Class Codes
Understanding what affects freight class codes is essential for optimizing shipping costs. The following factors play a significant role:
Stow Capability:
Most freight is easily stowed in trucks, trains, or ships. However, certain items face restrictions due to government regulations or carrier guidelines. Some goods cannot be transported together, and hazardous materials require special handling. Additionally, oversized or irregularly shaped freight may present loading challenges, affecting the freight class.
Handling Requirements:
Freight that can be handled using standard mechanical tools typically poses minimal challenges. However, cargo that is exceptionally heavy, fragile, or hazardous may require special attention, resulting in a different classification.
Liability:
Liability relates to the risk of theft, damage, or harm to adjacent freight. Perishable goods or items prone to spontaneous combustion or explosion may require a higher liability classification. Carriers often assign a value per pound based on liability considerations. Density is also factored into liability assessments.
Freight Class Codes At A Glance
The NMFC freight system categorizes freight into 18 classes, ranging from 50 to 500. Lower classes are assigned to denser and less valuable freight, which typically costs less to ship. In contrast, higher classes apply to lighter, more fragile, or higher-value items that cost more to transport.
Below Points Displaying The 18 Freight Class Codes
What Is Freight Class 50
Cost: Lowest Cost
Notes, Example: Fits on a standard shrink-wrapped 4X4 pallet, very durable
Weight Range Per Cubic Foot: Over 50 LBS
What Is Freight Class 55
Cost: Lowest Cost
Notes, Example: Bricks, cement, mortar, hardwood flooring
Weight Range Per Cubic Foot: 35-50 Pounds
What Is Freight Class 60
Cost: Lowest Cost
Notes, Example: Car accessories & car parts
Weight Range Per Cubic Foot: 30-35 Pounds
What Is Freight Class 65
Cost: Lowest Cost
Notes, Example: Car accessories & car parts, bottled beverages, books in boxes
Weight Range Per Cubic Foot: 22.5-30 Pounds
What Is Freight Class 70
Cost: Lowest Cost
Notes, Example: Car accessories & car parts, food items, automobile engines
Weight Range Per Cubic Foot: 15 to 22.5 Pounds
What Is Freight Class 77.5
Cost: Lowest Cost
Notes, Example: Tires, bathroom fixtures
Weight Range Per Cubic Foot: 13.5 to 15 Pounds
What Is Freight Class 85
Cost: Lowest Cost
Notes, Example: Crated machinery, cast iron stoves
Weight Range Per Cubic Foot: 12-13.5 Pounds
What Is Freight Class 92.5
Cost: Lowest Cost
Notes, Example: Computers, monitors, refrigerators
Weight Range Per Cubic Foot: 10.5-12 Pounds
What Is Freight Class 100
Cost: Lowest Cost
Notes, Example: boat covers, car covers, canvas, wine cases, caskets
Weight Range Per Cubic Foot: 9-10.5 Pounds
What Is Freight Class 110
Cost: Lowest Cost
Notes, Example: cabinets, framed artwork, table saw
Weight Range Per Cubic Foot: 8-9 Pounds
What Is Freight Class 125
Cost: Lowest Cost
Notes, Example: Small Household appliances
Weight Range Per Cubic Foot: 7-8 Pounds
What Is Freight Class 150
Cost: Lowest Cost
Notes, Example: Auto sheet metal parts, bookcases
Weight Range Per Cubic Foot: 6-7 Pounds
What Is Freight Class 175
Cost: Lowest Cost
Notes, Example: Clothing, couches stuffed furniture
Weight Range Per Cubic Foot: 5-6 Pounds
What Is Freight Class 200
Cost: Lowest Cost
Notes, Example: Auto sheet metal parts, aircraft parts, aluminum table, packaged mattresses
Weight Range Per Cubic Foot: 4-5 Pounds
What Is Freight Class 250
Cost: Lowest Cost
Notes, Example: Bamboo furniture, mattress and box spring, plasma TV
Weight Range Per Cubic Foot: 3-4 Pounds
What Is Freight Class 300
Cost: Lowest Cost
Notes, Example: wood cabinets, tables, chairs set up, model boats
Weight Range Per Cubic Foot: 2-3 Pounds
What Is Freight Class 400
Cost: Lowest Cost
Notes, Example: Deer antlers
Weight Range Per Cubic Foot: 1-2 Pounds
What Is Freight Class 500
Cost: Highest Cost
Notes, Example: Bags of gold dust, ping pong balls
Weight Range Per Cubic Foot: Less than 1 lbs.
How To Calculate Density For Freight Class Codes
Accurately calculating freight density is essential for determining the correct freight class. Here’s a simple guide:
Step 1: Measure Your Shipment
Record the height, width, and depth of the shipment, including pallets or packaging. For shipments with multiple pieces, measure each one separately.
Step 2: Calculate Cubic Volume
Multiply the height, width, and depth of the shipment to determine the total cubic inches or cubic feet. For multiple items, repeat this step for each piece and add the results together.
Note: If measurements are in inches, divide the total cubic inches by 1,728 (the number of cubic inches in a cubic foot) to convert to cubic feet.
Step 3: Determine Density
Divide the shipment’s total weight (in pounds) by the total cubic feet to find the pounds per cubic foot.
Tip: For multiple items, add the total weight of all pieces before dividing by the total cubic feet.
The Importance Of Accurate Freight Classifications
Getting the freight class right is critical to avoid unnecessary expenses. Incorrect classifications can result in reclassification by the carrier, leading to additional charges without discounts. Filing a freight claim is often time-consuming and stressful, making accurate classifications essential for smooth shipping operations.
By understanding and correctly applying freight class codes, you can save time, money, and avoid potential disputes with freight carriers. Working with experts like FML ensures accurate classifications and optimized shipping solutions for your business.